The APSC CCE cut off marks are among the most searched data points by every APSC aspirant — both before the examination (to calibrate preparation targets) and after (to assess chances of Mains shortlisting). Yet reliable, year-wise, category-specific APSC CCE cut off marks data is remarkably difficult to find. Most online compilations are incomplete, contain errors, or conflate Prelims cut offs with Mains merit scores. This article gives you the most complete, verified analysis of APSC CCE cut off marks available, built from result notifications published on the official APSC website across the 2018–2024 examination cycles.
Understanding the APSC CCE cut off marks trend is not just about knowing a past number — it is about using that data strategically. This article covers: year-wise Prelims GS Paper I cut off marks by category (General, OBC/MOBC, SC, ST), Mains final merit cut off trends, the factors that drive cut off fluctuation, the safe score target for 2026 Prelims, and — critically — how to use cut off analysis to make smarter preparation decisions. This analysis is by Smart IAS Foundation, Assam’s most experienced APSC coaching institute since 2009.
Last Updated: May 6, 2026 | Based on official APSC result notifications 2018–2024 and APSC CCE 2025 notification (Advt. No. 01/2026, April 10, 2026)
The APSC CCE cut off marks figures in this article are based on data compiled from official APSC result notifications, candidate feedback, and Smart IAS Foundation’s result tracking across multiple CCE cycles. APSC does not always publish a single definitive category-wise Prelims cut off — in some cycles, only the shortlist is published without an explicit cut off score. All figures marked as “estimated” in this article are derived from the lowest scores among shortlisted candidates reported in those cycles. Candidates must verify cut off data from the official apsc.nic.in website. These figures are for preparation planning — not official APSC data.
- How APSC CCE Cut Off Marks Are Determined
- APSC CCE Prelims Cut Off Marks – Year-wise (2018–2024)
- Category-wise APSC CCE Cut Off Marks Analysis
- APSC CCE Mains Final Merit Cut Off – Year-wise Analysis
- Vacancy vs Cut Off Relationship
- Factors That Drive APSC CCE Cut Off Fluctuation
- APSC CCE Cut Off Trend Analysis – What the Data Says
- Expected APSC CCE Cut Off 2026
- Safe Score Targets – How Much Above Cut Off to Aim
- How to Use Cut Off Data in Your Preparation Strategy
- Common Mistakes Candidates Make About Cut Off Marks
- Frequently Asked Questions
- Conclusion
1. How APSC CCE Cut Off Marks Are Determined
Before examining the year-wise APSC CCE cut off marks data, it is important to understand the mechanism by which cut offs are set — because this directly determines how to use the data strategically.
1.1 Prelims Cut Off – GS Paper I Only
The Prelims cut off is set on GS Paper I marks only — out of 200 marks. CSAT (GS Paper II) marks are not used for ranking or cut off purposes — CSAT is qualifying only (minimum 33% = 66 marks required). The APSC shortlists a fixed number of candidates for Mains based on the number of vacancies — typically shortlisting approximately 10–15 times the number of vacancies in each category. The candidate ranked at the last shortlisted position in each category sets that category’s Prelims cut off.
1.2 Mains Cut Off – Combined Merit
There is no separate “Mains cut off” in the traditional sense. After the Mains examination, APSC totals the marks across all 6 papers (1,500 marks) and adds the Interview marks to produce the final merit list. The lowest combined score (Mains + Interview) among the finally selected candidates in each category becomes the effective Mains merit cut off for that cycle. This figure is significantly harder to obtain officially since APSC does not always publish a mark-wise result sheet.
1.3 How Cut Off Changes Between Cycles
The APSC CCE cut off marks are not fixed — they shift between cycles based on four variables: total vacancies, paper difficulty, total number of candidates appearing, and category-wise vacancy distribution. When any of these variables changes, the cut off changes accordingly.
2. APSC CCE Prelims Cut Off Marks – Year-wise (2018–2024)
The following table presents year-wise estimated APSC CCE cut off marks for the Prelims GS Paper I across all available examination cycles. These are compiled from official APSC result notifications, candidate feedback from Smart IAS Foundation’s coaching batches, and result analysis across multiple CCE cycles.
| CCE Cycle | Prelims Date | Vacancies | General Cut Off | OBC/MOBC | SC | ST |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| APSC CCE 2018 | July 2018 | 149 | ~108–112 | ~98–102 | ~88–92 | ~82–88 |
| APSC CCE 2019 | Sep 2019 | 56 | ~112–118 | ~102–108 | ~92–98 | ~86–92 |
| APSC CCE 2020 (held 2021) | Apr 2021 | 48 | ~114–120 | ~104–110 | ~94–100 | ~88–94 |
| APSC CCE 2021 | Jun 2022 | 93 | ~106–112 | ~96–102 | ~86–92 | ~80–86 |
| APSC CCE 2022 | Jan 2023 | 67 | ~110–116 | ~100–106 | ~90–96 | ~84–90 |
| APSC CCE 2023 | Sep 2023 | 72 | ~108–114 | ~98–104 | ~88–94 | ~82–88 |
| APSC CCE 2024 | Jun 2025 | 99 | ~106–114 | ~96–104 | ~86–93 | ~80–87 |
All figures are estimated ranges based on Smart IAS Foundation’s result tracking and available APSC result data. Cut off figures are GS Paper I marks out of 200 — not total Prelims marks (GS I + CSAT). CSAT is qualifying only and is not counted in the cut off. The ranges represent the band within which the actual cut off likely fell based on available candidate data. Treat the upper bound of each range as your safe score target — not the lower bound.
3. Category-wise APSC CCE Cut Off Marks Analysis
3.1 General Category Cut Off Trend
The General category APSC CCE cut off marks have ranged from approximately 106 to 120 marks (out of 200) across the 2018–2024 cycles. The highest General cut off in this period was approximately 120 marks in the APSC CCE 2020 cycle — which had the fewest vacancies (48) in recent history. The lowest was approximately 106 marks in cycles with higher vacancy counts (2021: 93 vacancies, 2024: 99 vacancies).
The pattern is clear: fewer vacancies = higher cut off; more vacancies = lower cut off. This is the most reliable predictor available when estimating the expected cut off for any APSC CCE cycle.
3.2 OBC/MOBC Category Cut Off Trend
The OBC/MOBC APSC CCE cut off marks have consistently been 8–12 marks lower than the General category cut off across the 2018–2024 cycles. The range has been approximately 96–110 marks (out of 200). The relaxation is not fixed at a standard number — it varies by cycle based on vacancy distribution and category-wise competition intensity.
3.3 SC Category Cut Off Trend
The SC category APSC CCE cut off marks have ranged from approximately 86 to 100 marks (out of 200). SC cut offs are typically 18–22 marks lower than the General category cut off in the same cycle, reflecting the reservation provisions and smaller competition pool within the SC category vacancy set.
3.4 ST Category Cut Off Trend
The ST category APSC CCE cut off marks have been the lowest across all categories, ranging from approximately 80 to 94 marks (out of 200). The ST category typically shows the widest variance between cycles because the ST-category vacancy count itself varies significantly — in cycles with more ST vacancies, more candidates are shortlisted and the cut off falls further.
| Category | Lowest Cut Off (2018–2024) | Highest Cut Off (2018–2024) | Average Range | Safe Score Target |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| General | ~106 | ~120 | 108–116 | 125+ |
| OBC/MOBC | ~96 | ~110 | 98–108 | 115+ |
| SC | ~86 | ~100 | 88–96 | 105+ |
| ST | ~80 | ~94 | 82–92 | 100+ |
4. APSC CCE Mains Final Merit Cut Off – Year-wise Analysis
The Mains final merit APSC CCE cut off marks — the minimum combined score (Mains + Interview) needed for final selection — are harder to obtain definitively than Prelims cut offs, since APSC does not consistently publish the full mark-wise result sheet. The following data is compiled from available APSC result notifications and candidate feedback from Smart IAS Foundation’s selected candidates across multiple cycles.
| CCE Cycle | Vacancies | ACS (General) – Estimated Mains+Interview Cut Off | BDO (General) – Estimated |
|---|---|---|---|
| APSC CCE 2018 | 149 | ~950–1,000 (out of 1,500+ Mains marks) | ~880–920 |
| APSC CCE 2019 | 56 | ~980–1,030 | ~910–950 |
| APSC CCE 2020 | 48 | ~990–1,040 | ~920–960 |
| APSC CCE 2021 | 93 | ~940–990 | ~875–915 |
| APSC CCE 2022 | 67 | ~960–1,010 | ~890–930 |
| APSC CCE 2023 | 72 | ~955–1,005 | ~885–925 |
| APSC CCE 2024 | 99 | ~945–995 | ~878–918 |
These Mains cut off figures represent the estimated combined Mains + Interview score of the last-selected ACS/BDO candidate in the General category. The Mains examination under the current pattern carries 1,500 marks (6 papers × 300 marks or 200 for Essay). The Interview marks vary by post. An ACS cut off of approximately 960 out of 1,700+ (Mains + Interview) represents approximately 56–58% — which underlines the importance of consistent, above-average performance across all Mains papers rather than exceptional performance in a few.
5. Vacancy vs Cut Off Relationship
The single strongest predictor of APSC CCE cut off marks in any given cycle is the number of vacancies. The relationship is inverse and consistent: more vacancies → lower cut off; fewer vacancies → higher cut off.
| CCE Cycle | Vacancies | General Prelims Cut Off (Approx.) | Observation |
|---|---|---|---|
| APSC CCE 2020 | 48 (lowest) | ~114–120 (highest) | Fewest vacancies → highest cut off |
| APSC CCE 2021 | 93 | ~106–112 | More vacancies → lower cut off |
| APSC CCE 2018 | 149 (highest) | ~108–112 | Most vacancies → relatively lower cut off |
| APSC CCE 2025 (upcoming) | 78 | ~108–118 (expected) | Moderate vacancies → moderate-to-high cut off expected |
Application for 2026 preparation: The APSC CCE 2025 notification (Advt. No. 01/2026) lists 78 vacancies. Based on the vacancy-cut off relationship, the General category Prelims APSC CCE cut off marks for 2026 are expected to fall in the range of 108–118 marks — making 125+ the appropriate safe score target.
6. Factors That Drive APSC CCE Cut Off Fluctuation
Understanding why APSC CCE cut off marks move up or down gives you a framework for estimating the expected cut off in any future cycle — not just 2026.
Factor 1 — Total Vacancies (Most Important)
Fewer vacancies = APSC shortlists fewer candidates for Mains = only those with the highest GS Paper I scores are shortlisted = the cut off threshold rises. This is the dominant factor. A cycle with 48 vacancies (2020) will have a significantly higher cut off than a cycle with 149 vacancies (2018), assuming similar paper difficulty and applicant volume.
Factor 2 — GS Paper I Difficulty Level
A more difficult Prelims paper depresses raw scores across the board — the highest scorers score less, and the cut off threshold falls. A straightforward paper produces higher raw scores and pushes the cut off up. Looking at the PYQ trend, the 2022 paper (which had notably specific Assam GK questions) had a slightly lower cut off than the 2019 paper despite similar vacancies — suggesting that paper difficulty offset the vacancy effect.
Factor 3 — Number of Candidates Appearing
APSC CCE 2025 (notification date: April 2026) received approximately 2–3 lakh applications. Not all applicants appear — typically 60–70% of registered candidates actually sit for the exam. Higher actual turnout with the same vacancies increases competition and pushes the cut off upward.
Factor 4 — Category-wise Vacancy Distribution
The proportion of vacancies reserved for each category in a given cycle directly affects that category’s cut off. A cycle with more SC vacancies relative to SC applicants will have a lower SC cut off — and vice versa. The 78-vacancy distribution in the 2025 notification across General, OBC, SC, and ST categories will determine the precise category-wise APSC CCE cut off marks for 2026.
Factor 5 — Negative Marking Behaviour
A subtle but real factor: in cycles where candidates are generally more conservative (attempting fewer questions with higher accuracy), raw scores cluster higher and the distribution narrows — pushing the cut off up at the same paper difficulty. In cycles where candidates over-attempt and incur heavy negative marking, raw scores are more dispersed and the cut off may be lower despite similar preparation quality.
7. APSC CCE Cut Off Trend Analysis – What the Data Says
Examining the APSC CCE cut off marks data from 2018 to 2024 across all categories reveals five consistent patterns:
Pattern 1 – The General Category Cut Off Has Remained Stable at 106–120
Despite significant variation in vacancies (48 to 149) and paper difficulty, the General category Prelims cut off has not broken below 106 or above 120 in any cycle from 2018 to 2024. This remarkably stable band — spanning just 14 marks — means that a candidate targeting 125+ is safely above the historical maximum General cut off by at least 5 marks.
Pattern 2 – The Category Gap Has Been Consistent
The gap between General and OBC cut off has consistently been 8–12 marks; between General and SC: 18–24 marks; between General and ST: 22–30 marks. This category gap has not widened or narrowed dramatically across cycles, suggesting it is a structural feature of the competition distribution rather than a cycle-specific artifact.
Pattern 3 – The CSAT Qualifying Threshold Has Never Been the Binding Constraint
Across all cycles analysed, the proportion of candidates eliminated by CSAT (failing to score 66 out of 200) has been very small — most candidates clear the CSAT qualifying threshold comfortably. The Prelims cut off is always set by GS Paper I performance, never by CSAT. This confirms the preparation priority: invest in GS Paper I, not CSAT beyond the qualifying minimum.
Pattern 4 – Assam GK Performance is the Biggest Score Differentiator in GS Paper I
Smart IAS Foundation’s analysis of candidate scores in years when we tracked individual subject performance consistently shows that the highest-scoring candidates in GS Paper I are those who score 22–27 correct in the Assam GK section (25–30 questions). This gives them a structural head start of 44–54 marks — more than the entire range of the cut off variation. Assam GK dominance in Prelims is the single most reliable pathway to a comfortable APSC CCE cut off marks clearance.
Pattern 5 – The Mains Cut Off (ACS) Has Remained Around 56–62% of Total Mains Marks
The estimated ACS General category Mains + Interview cut off has ranged from approximately 940 to 1,040 marks — consistently between 55% and 62% of the total available marks across cycles. This means that consistent, above-average performance across all 6 Mains papers — rather than excellence in a few — is the most reliable route to clearing the Mains cut off.
8. Expected APSC CCE Cut Off 2026
Based on the historical APSC CCE cut off marks trend analysis and the specific parameters of the APSC CCE 2025 notification (Advt. No. 01/2026, April 10, 2026 — with Prelims tentatively scheduled for July 5, 2026), here is Smart IAS Foundation’s expected cut off range for the 2026 Prelims:
| Category | Expected Cut Off Range 2026 | Smart IAS Safe Score Target | Basis |
|---|---|---|---|
| General | 108–118 | 125+ | 78 vacancies; moderate vacancy count → moderate-to-high cut off expected; paper difficulty unknown |
| OBC/MOBC | 98–108 | 115+ | Historically 8–12 marks below General; consistent pattern across 7 cycles |
| SC | 88–98 | 105+ | Historically 18–24 marks below General; stable category gap pattern |
| ST | 82–92 | 100+ | Historically 22–30 marks below General; slightly wider variance due to ST vacancy count fluctuation |
The expected APSC CCE cut off marks for 2026 are estimates based on historical trend analysis and cannot account for actual paper difficulty, applicant turnout variations, or APSC’s internal shortlisting decisions. Use these figures as preparation targets — specifically the safe score column — and not as a ceiling to aim at. A candidate who scores exactly at the expected cut off has no buffer for paper difficulty variations, marking errors, or stronger-than-expected competition. Always target 7–10 marks above the highest expected cut off for your category.
9. Safe Score Targets – How Much Above Cut Off to Aim
The most common mistake candidates make when using APSC CCE cut off marks data is treating the historical cut off as a preparation target rather than a floor. The cut off is the minimum — it represents the score of the last-shortlisted candidate. Aiming for the cut off means:
- Any upward variation in paper difficulty will push you below the cut off
- Any increase in competition (more serious candidates, better preparation in the pool) will push the cut off above your score
- Even if you barely clear the Prelims cut off, you are shortlisted at the bottom of the merit list — with less favourable subject-wise rankings for Mains preparation tracking
The Safe Score Framework
| Score Band | What It Means | Action Required |
|---|---|---|
| 130+ (General) | Comfortable clearance in virtually all historical cycles; good Mains shortlisting position | Focus shifts fully to Mains preparation immediately after Prelims |
| 120–130 (General) | Safe score — above the highest historical cut off; minimal risk of non-clearance | Confident Mains preparation; monitor APSC result notification |
| 110–120 (General) | In the cut off zone — likely to clear in most cycles but vulnerable to upward cut off variation | Continue Mains preparation; do not wait for result with certainty |
| 100–110 (General) | Below historical minimum cut off; likely to not clear in most cycles | Begin deep diagnosis — Assam GK preparation quality, negative marking behaviour, PYQ analysis errors |
| Below 100 (General) | Significant preparation gap; structural revision needed | Seek faculty guidance; rebuild from NCERTs + Assam GK notebook |
10. How to Use Cut Off Data in Your Preparation Strategy
The APSC CCE cut off marks data is most valuable not as a number to memorise but as a strategic calibration tool for your preparation. Here is how to use it effectively:
10.1 Calibrate Your Mock Test Target
If you are scoring consistently below 100 in Prelims mock tests by Month 9, the cut off data tells you exactly how much improvement is needed and in which direction. With the historical General category cut off in the 106–120 range, scoring 95 in mocks means you need 15–25 more marks — achievable primarily through stronger Assam GK performance (5–8 more correct answers = 10–16 marks) and reduced negative marking losses.
10.2 Identify Which Assam GK Topics to Prioritise
The cut off data, when cross-referenced with our APSC CCE PYQ analysis, identifies that Assam GK is the highest-return investment for closing the gap between your current mock score and the safe score target. See Section 3 of the PYQ analysis article for the specific Assam GK topics that repeat in every paper.
10.3 Do Not Wait for Cut Off Validation Before Starting Mains
The most dangerous misuse of APSC CCE cut off marks data is using it as a reason to delay Mains preparation. Candidates who score 110 in a mock test in Month 9 and say “I’ll be above the cut off, so I’ll start Mains after results” are setting themselves up for Mains failure — because 3–4 months is insufficient to build the answer writing quality needed for competitive Mains performance. The cut off data should reinforce starting Mains preparation from Month 4 — not delay it.
10.4 Set Service-specific Targets Beyond the Cut Off
The Prelims cut off simply gets you into the Mains shortlist. The service allocation cut off — the minimum combined Mains + Interview score needed for ACS vs APS vs BDO — is significantly higher and is determined by your Mains performance, not your Prelims score. Read our APSC CCE Salary and Job Profile guide to understand the service hierarchy and what Mains score targets correspond to ACS selection.
11. Common Mistakes Candidates Make About Cut Off Marks
- Treating the cut off as a preparation target rather than a floor.
The APSC CCE cut off marks represent the minimum — they are the score of the last-shortlisted candidate. Aiming for the cut off means you are aiming to barely qualify. Aim 10–15 marks above the highest historical cut off for your category. - Using a single year’s cut off as the benchmark.
Cut offs vary significantly by cycle — the 2020 cut off (120+, General) would not have cleared in 2021 (106–112, General) even though more preparation was done. Always use the range across all available years, not a single year’s figure. - Confusing Prelims cut off with Mains cut off.
The Prelims APSC CCE cut off marks (GS Paper I out of 200) get you to Mains. The Mains merit cut off (combined 1,500+ Mains marks + Interview) determines your actual selection. These are entirely different numbers used for entirely different purposes. - Ignoring category-wise differences.
OBC, SC, and ST candidates who use the General category cut off as their benchmark are targeting 15–30 marks higher than they need to — wasting preparation energy. Use category-specific historical cut off data to calibrate your target accurately. - Waiting for cut off data before deciding to prepare for Mains.
The 3–4 months between Prelims results and Mains is insufficient to build Mains answer writing quality. Start Mains preparation from Month 4 of your overall preparation — not after Prelims results confirm your shortlisting.
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12. Frequently Asked Questions – APSC CCE Cut Off Marks
What is the APSC CCE Prelims cut off marks for General category?
The APSC CCE cut off marks for the General category in Prelims GS Paper I (out of 200) have ranged from approximately 106 to 120 marks across the 2018–2024 examination cycles. The cut off is highest in cycles with fewer vacancies (e.g., 2020: 48 vacancies, cut off ~114–120) and lower in cycles with more vacancies (e.g., 2021: 93 vacancies, cut off ~106–112). Smart IAS Foundation recommends targeting 125+ marks as a safe score buffer for General category candidates in 2026.
What is the expected APSC CCE cut off 2026?
Based on the 78 vacancies notified in the APSC CCE 2025 notification (Advt. No. 01/2026) and historical APSC CCE cut off marks trend analysis, the expected General category Prelims cut off for 2026 is approximately 108–118 marks (out of 200). OBC/MOBC: 98–108; SC: 88–98; ST: 82–92. These are estimates for preparation planning purposes. Smart IAS Foundation recommends targeting 125+ (General), 115+ (OBC), 105+ (SC), 100+ (ST) as safe scores.
Are APSC CCE cut off marks published officially?
Yes — the APSC publishes official APSC CCE cut off marks (or at minimum, the list of shortlisted candidates) on its official website at apsc.nic.in after each result is declared. In some cycles, APSC publishes an explicit category-wise cut off score; in others, only the shortlist is published and the cut off must be inferred from the lowest-ranked candidate’s details. Previous result notifications are archived on the APSC website.
Why do APSC CCE cut off marks change every year?
APSC CCE cut off marks change every cycle due to four factors: (1) Total vacancies — the single biggest driver; fewer vacancies = higher cut off; (2) GS Paper I difficulty — harder paper = lower raw scores = lower cut off; (3) Number of candidates appearing — more competition = higher cut off; (4) Category-wise vacancy distribution — affects each category’s cut off independently. Understanding these factors allows candidates to estimate the likely cut off direction for any upcoming cycle based on the vacancy notification.
What is a safe score in APSC CCE Prelims?
A safe score in APSC CCE Prelims GS Paper I (above the APSC CCE cut off marks) is: General category — 125+ marks; OBC/MOBC — 115+ marks; SC — 105+ marks; ST — 100+ marks. These safe scores are approximately 7–10 marks above the highest historical cut off for each category, providing a buffer for paper difficulty variations and competition intensity changes between cycles. Aiming for exactly the historical cut off leaves no margin for error.
How can I score above the APSC CCE cut off marks?
The most reliable strategy to score above the APSC CCE cut off marks in Prelims GS Paper I is: (1) Master Assam GK — it contributes 25–30 questions (50–60 marks), approximately 28% of the paper; scoring 22–27 correct gives a structural head start of 44–54 marks; (2) Apply the 80% confidence rule for attempting questions — never guess below 50% confidence; negative marking at 0.25 per wrong answer can reduce your score by 5–15 marks if you over-attempt; (3) Complete NCERTs and one standard reference per subject; (4) Solve APSC PYQ papers topic-wise from 2018 to 2024 to identify the exact sub-topics tested; (5) Take timed mock tests weekly from Month 8 with strict error analysis after each.
What is the APSC CCE Mains cut off marks?
The APSC CCE Mains final merit cut off marks (combined Mains + Interview score for final selection) for the ACS General category has ranged from approximately 940 to 1,040 marks across the 2018–2024 cycles — representing approximately 55–62% of the total available marks. The BDO General category cut off has ranged slightly lower at approximately 875–960. These figures are based on candidate feedback and available APSC result data. APSC does not consistently publish official mark-wise Mains result sheets — always check apsc.nic.in for official data.
13. Conclusion
The APSC CCE cut off marks data from 2018 to 2024 tells a consistent story: the General category Prelims cut off has ranged between 106 and 120 marks, the category gap between General and reserved categories has been stable, the vacancy count is the strongest predictor of cut off direction, and Assam GK performance is the highest-return investment for clearing the cut off comfortably. None of these facts should surprise a well-informed aspirant — but together they define the preparation strategy with remarkable precision.
The single most important takeaway from this APSC CCE cut off marks analysis is not any specific number — it is the safe score framework. Target 125+ marks (General), 115+ (OBC), 105+ (SC), 100+ (ST) in Prelims GS Paper I. Build that buffer through Assam GK mastery, disciplined negative marking management, and consistent PYQ practice. And begin Mains preparation from Month 4 — because the real competition in APSC CCE is not clearing the Prelims cut off; it is building the Mains answer quality that translates a Prelims shortlisting into an ACS allocation.
- Analyse APSC CCE Previous Year Papers — understand which specific topics drive cut off performance by seeing exactly what the exam tests year after year
- Read the First-attempt Strategy Guide — the complete preparation framework for scoring above the cut off and clearing the Mains in the same cycle
- Book a Free Strategy Session — get a personalised Prelims score improvement plan from Smart IAS Foundation faculty, calibrated to historical cut off data

